Malcolm X s Philosophy Of Black Pride, Black Nationalism,...

The Autobiography of Malcolm X informs the reader about Malcolm X’s philosophy of black pride, black nationalism, and pan-Africanism. There are a billion reasons to care when it comes to a book about a human rights activist. I want to take a look at something more personal. There is always time for change. Who would have thought that a little kid from the country who bounced around between foster homes, detention centers, and jails would have done anything with his life? I might have guessed that Malcolm X lived a life of crime until he died in a gunfight based on his history. That did not happen. He changed. I can probably think of a million things that I want to change in my life. Some of them probably seem impossible. That is okay. This book teaches me that there is time for me to change my life as long as I am not dead. This little kid from Nebraska could do it and so can I. Malcolm X only got six short years before his family was torn apart by the death of his father and the nervous breakdown of his mother in the beginning. He and his siblings became wards of the state. He started to dream of living in Boston when he met his half-sister Ella. Malcolm went through all kinds of transformations in the next stage of his life. He started out as a wide-eyed country bumpkin, turned into a big-time dancer, became a drug dealer, and landed in jail. In 1948 Malcolm’s brother Philbert wrote to him that he had discovered the natural religion for the black man, also known as theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Edward Burghardt. B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey And Malcolm X2370 Words   |  10 Pagesdarker skin was taught to hate themselves in order for the Whites to obtain economical gain. Their goal was to break Blacks of their rich heritage and spirit in order to control them as they would with domesticated cattle. This philosophy transcended from generation to generation to where it was instilled into their processes of thought and their way of life. Whites have taun ted Blacks attempting to belittle their character, squander their self-confidence, and brand them the infamous word â€Å"nigger†.Read MoreMalcolm X : An American Muslim Minister And Human Rights Activist6464 Words   |  26 PagesMalcolm X, born Malcolm Little and also known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; disparagers accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. Malcolm X was an orphan in his early life. His fatherRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesintentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMeyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman:

Ee Cummings Essay that analyzes five Ee Cummings poems and...

E. E. Cummings, an author known for his various poems and other forms of artwork, wrote numerous works of poetry over a vast amount of subjects. While the subject matter of the poems differ, a few elements of Cummings style stays the same in virtually all his poems, some of which is important and some of which is not. The fact that Cummings uses enjambment in his poetry is a stylistic trademark that however annoying its use may be is consistent. Other stylistic trademarks of Cummings poetry are that Cummings has a control over the tone of each of his poems and that each of his poems has its theme located near the end of the poem. While these traits that may not be highlighted in most of the analysis of his poems, each does occur quite†¦show more content†¦The tools that are described as hitting and chipping show that the experiences that one faces everyday changes them since each of the tools that are describe are one of the five senses that human beings have. Cummings shows how human nature is against change by saying how the effect of the hitting of the tools, essentially the introduction of new experiences, causes the narrator to partake in an agony of sensual chisels where he performs squirms of chrome and execute strides of cobalt. The squirms of chrome and execute strides of cobalt can be taken simply as pain. To confirm the readers thoughts that the poems central theme is about change Cummings adds the line i am cleverly being altered that i slightly am slightly becoming a little different. The major literary device that Cummings uses in the poem is the use of tone. Cummings chooses to use a cacophonous tone for this poem unlike the tone in which he used for the poem the sky was. The use of the cacophonous tone allows the reader to further grasp how much the process of change must hurt as it recalls memories of how the reader has undergone change in their life in addition to the harsh sound that emphasizes Cummings theme. a total stranger one black day E. E. Cummings poem a total stranger one black day, when taken literally, is a poem about when two strangers meetShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagescurrently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who

Accounting Accounts Receivable Free Essays

The note payable to Rent-lt is good for one year. $100,000 and the accumulated interest are due on November 30, 2012. The account payable for office supplies is due in thirty days, or January 2, 2012. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting: Accounts Receivable or any similar topic only for you Order Now The account payable to Universal Utilities is due in thirty days, or January 30, 2012. The company declared a dividend of 10 cents per share, payable on January 1 5, 2012. Income taxes are payable in 2012. 3. Susquehanna Equipment Rentals was named as a co-defendant in a $25,000 lawsuit filed on behalf of Kevin Davenport. The extent of the companys legal and financial responsibility for this accident cannot be determined at this time. f) It does appear that the company is headed for insolvency. It has $100,000 is notes payable that are due January 2, 2012, and it only has $65,000 cash. The company is expecting $9,900 in accounts receivable, but that s still not enough to cover the notes payable. A majority of the company’s assets are tied up in rental equipment, which is not a liquid asset. Thus, the company will not be able to meet its financial obligations to its lenders. g) It would be unethical for Patty Driver to maintain the accounting records for this company since she is one of the owners of the corporation. The accounting records must be maintained by someone independent of the organization in order for the reports to be fair and ethical. How to cite Accounting: Accounts Receivable, Papers

Politics & Business

Questions: 1. Robert Reich argues that business has become too powerful, and has undermined democracy in the United States. Discuss Reichs argument. 2. Have businesses become more socially responsible?Outline the opinion of at least two writers, and the reasons theyve given for their opinions.What do you think?Give reasons and strong evidence for your opinion. 3. What problems does the profit motive cause for society and government?How do governments and society attempt to deal with these problems?Give reasons and examples in your answer. 4. Briefly outline Tim Gees theory of counterpower.How well does it explain the success or failure of recent community campaigns?Give some examples in your answer. 5. What are interest groups?Give three examples of interest groups.Briefly explain, What interests do they represent? How do they seek to benefit those interests? What problems (if any) do they create for other interest groups? Answers: The main reasons for robert reich's argument over "business killing democracy." The United States has develop into the climax of the Middle East causes the debate of people by Robert Reich. The debate is right or wrong it does not matter. The incidental penalties is the auxiliary part of the debate. Reich said that the murder of civilians cannot be stopped. There also is a development of opposing American feeling. The growth of violence occurred there. For spreading the inequality the United States can be recoil its consideration. The inequality wants to be complete here in United States. The use of properties that could then be cast-off on the poor as well as on our substructure and also on the education. Robert is old sufficient to memorise the Lyndon Johnson's conflict on lack as well as the CountlessCivilization ending on field of Vietnam. Also the public war can resultthere accurately(Bakan, 2004). StrangelyJohn Kerry said about Syria that American resolve is at the pole of our reliability is on the stick. The Most Important Evidence Reich Gives For His Opinion The latest research can be held by Moody's Analytics.Nearly 5 percent of the Americans with supreme incomes now explanation for 37 percent of all customer consumptions. The United States surge to inequality is earmarked. The budget would not rebound. Also President Obama becomes to repair for a second largeinducementthough Ben S. Bernanke's Fed protects interest rates closeto zero then also neither do the artificialjob deprived of a middle class talented of spending. Pump preparing works just when a well coversadequate water(Barbero and Puig, 2015). The tax can be deducted from the poor Americans and join to the rich Americans. The rich Americans are now existencechewed by their achievement. Those at the top would be improvedrotten with a lesser part of a rapidlyincreasingbudget rather than a enormous share of one that's closelydeceased in the water. Other Evidence about the Relative Power of Business The economic structure cannot perhapsto get out of its present stagnations without any strategy to recover the purchasingcontrol of middle class Americans. The expenditure of the plushest 5 percent unaccompanied will not principal to a good series of more occupations and advancedactive values. It is unbelievable for eachgreat business and also counting the United States to convert the remaining exporter(Barbero and Puig, 2015). The middle class Americans need to be refreshed and as well as to reverse the nation's gisttospreading inequality. This is likelyanywayto the radical power of the management class(Thomas). Maximum people are currently actuality knockout by occupationfatalities. The executive class has a lucid self-interest in receding the movement. Also an increasing currentboosts all boats. The receding wave intimidating to seashore many of the vessels. Opinion for "business become more socially responsible." 1. Writer Name and source Hareed Sabetti- The For-Benefit Enterprise Opinion By Hareed Sabetti, Nowadays Business become more socially responsible. He gives sufficient advice for his thought about it(Duhigg, 2012). Hareed Sabetti comments that a modern business can be supported by some new trends. The new trends can also contain some major services and standards. Those are Account standards, professional services, public policy and financial markets. Hareed can predict that those parts of a business are mainly responsible to become it more socially responsible. According to Hareed's report, people will see the performance of the financial system and also interact with it. It also separates from the government as well as profit or nonprofit business. Hareed also told that the future capitalism can be remade by the increase of that sector. To achieve the profit benefits, the market can support such capitalism. By shifting a system, the most gainers are leaders and fast movers. According to the Hare's opinion, the new industries can move to being more socially responsible. As because of this the company can become more successful in future. 2. Writer Name and source Micheal E. Porter and Mark R.Kramer- The Harvard Business Review Opinion According to Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer, It is impossible for anyone to establish a long-term and sustainable change rather than business. By the authors when a modern business uses its massive resources as well as expand their management talent via some experts to understand about the risk factor of their business. The strategy can become a better approach to become better than any other business. It does not matter that all successful company can go through a social enterprise. By using the strategy, a business can become more attractive as well as more beneficial. By facing different difficulties and operations every day, a company can achieve more success however it's an existing or new business. According to the opinion, it is confirmed that nowadays business can become more socially responsible. Also, business contains the great potential to develop the strength of our planet as well as a citizen. A successful business is also responsible for changing a system that can help people to achieve success. Problems on Profit Motives Cause for Government The intention to introduce profit motive is for achieving the financial increase in business. A taxpayer, as well as a company, can participate in business activities to establish a profit motive. To resolve the deductibility of each expense, profit motive must be introduced.Problems in profit motiveProfit motive must be considered for the taxpayers participates in the rental activities. The profit motive can be introduced there to claim the all rental expenses. The rental loss claim of a taxpayer can be prevented by IRS if the evidence of profit motive can not explain. Profit was realized three out of last five years to recognized a profit motive. Also, the profit motive is used to separate a sideline from a business in the view of IRS. If the profit margin is not clear according to the company expectation, then a strong profit motive is required to resolve the issue. The business partner can be intense the profit motive to share their interest for expanding the market share of the company.After establishing a new business, there must have occurred some risks for individuals. In that case, there also introduced an appropriate business motive to push the employees as well as the stakeholders of the company to take the current responsibility for resolving the problem. Time and financial investment are also included in the profit motive of a business to reach the whole goal. Tim Gees Theory of Counterpower Tim Gees Counterpower might not have been distributed at a more suitable moment. We are living through a retro of profound change. From the Inhabit protests to the Arab Spring, political actions are occurring on a scale and constancy that has not been seen for a group and also with governmental power being challenged across the globe(Shanken, 2009). Counterpower of Ideas Counterpowers mission is to chart political actions and understand how change happens to store of history and try to learn from actions past to understand better what makes a campaign successful.' Tim Gee's industriously researched work shelters a wide range of unique events from recent history and reveals attractive shared features between them. For explaining the success as well as the failure of social movements, Counterpower can be introduced. There are three types of counterpower. The types are physical, idea and economic. By using the three counterpowers, the complete power will be engaged. The author also analyses a collection of past social movements according to the uses of a variety of counterpower. It also includes the independence movement of India as well as the anti-Vietnam war situations. Explanation for the Success or Failure of Recent Community Campaigns The relative successes and failures are inspected situation while Gee pulls equals between global actions together by creating a comprehensive narrative in the process. It's both uplifting and disturbing to see that Gandhi's saying can be applied to nearly any political fight(Stanfield, 2012). Gee's theory forms an inspiring reminder of the expenses of the past and repeats the fact that they were not only born into the world in which we live. Every right we enjoy also every right we own down to the political actions of past campaigns. Gee turns the involvements gained in historical campaigns into an exciting plan for winning future ones although in a theoretical way. History's educations are interpreted as a logical justification for those attractive in recent day involvement and as a result, Gee's work is accurately motivating(Thiele, 2013). Interest Group An interest group is an association of people who share a mutual interest and labour composed to defend and indorse that interest by manipulating the administration. Interest groups differ important lybyits goal as well as its strategy. The two part can be divided by the political specialists. Economic Non-Economic Economic Groups This group pursues some financial advantage for their associates. This group is the most common type of interest group. (Thiele, 2013). Example- its member's advantage from the agreement whereas non-union associates do not. If there is no good secluded inducement that people might choose not to join. Business Groups Business groups are the most mutual type of interest group. It's more than half of all listed supplicants work for business organizations. Example- Pursues pro-business rules in overall. Not only just rules that help one portion of the economy. There has another two interest groups. The groups are- Sectional interest group Promotional interest group Sectional interest group A sectional interest group can be represented as a very typical group of any business. The local group members are officially and directly connected to the campaign that's why they are very concerned about the campaign. The professional bodies and members association can be a part of the sectional group and also the open membership into that group usually restricted. Promotional interest group A Promotional group is mainly introduced for promoting a particular cause. That's why the promotional group can also know as Cause group. The members of the promotional group are not self-interested to the accomplishment of their objectives. They also not directly connected to the economic benefits of the group. The campaign of the Nuclear Disarmament and the Greenpeace is the example of the promotional or cause group. References Bakan, J. (2004).The corporation. New York: Free Press. Barbero, M. and Puig, N. (2015). Business groups around the world: an introduction.Business History, 58(1), pp.6-29. Dnes, A. (2013). Rogue Groups in Business.Managerial and Decision Economics, p.n/a-n/a. Duhigg, C. (2012).The power of habit. New York: Random House. Leonard, L. (2011).Community campaigns for sustainable living. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Neu, D. and Green, D. (2006).Truth or profit?. Halifax: Fernwood Pub. Co. Sanford, C. (2011).The responsible business. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Shanken, E. (2009).Art and electronic media. London: Phaidon Press. Stanfield, J. (2012).The profit motive in education. London: Institute of Economic Affairs. Thiele, L. (2013).Sustainability. Cambridge: Polity. Thomas, R. (2010).World class diversity management. San Francisco, Calif.: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Shania Woodard Hist 1323 03/27/18 1230-150pm Fig Essays

Shania Woodard Hist 1323 03/27/18 12:30-1:50pm Fighting Back In 1954 the supreme court announce black children to go school with white, but the south disagree. Fighting back started during the civil right between 1957-1962, in Little Rock, Arkansas. It was the traces of African American community from the historic case of Brown Vs board of education decision in the effect of the first blacks in a all white school and universities. I believe that the Little Rock nine during this time at Little Rock Central High School, they came in without violence, they protested silently through the school which made a major balances for blacks today generation to have an education and be able to integrate with other races. If the Little Rock Nine could state an honest opinion on the progress of today education has overcome, then they might say they are uplifted from the hard work and success of integration of all race to be able to learn in same class. Also In the vid eo, in Alabama 1956 named Autherine Lucy black young educated women who quietly enrolled to all white university of Alabama. A mob of white rule and violence to keep her from enrolling the universities. After court decision to back her support of the case , they end up expelling her from the school. The black community has lacking in the attention of fighting back for they race to receive the same learning experience at the same level. Now as the rest of the America, steadily noticing the predicament throughout the Harlem Renaissance era, many Caucasians migrated to the suburban cities whereas blacks were forced financially and economically to remain in poor areas. The Little Rock nine, Autherine Lucy, and James Meredith compromised their lives against furious mobs of whites that resisted against the desegregation law that was set forth. The South was in a great turmoil and that the blacks fought for equality in the education system. *Fighting back in the civil rights era was the only option because many had sat back for years and let many situations get swept under rugs but as times continued and many people like Rosa Parks grew tired of the ridiculous occurrences, a stand was taken. Fight back became the only way to get what they want and that was being equal in educations, just like being able to have free right and freedom. The Blacks being rejected "separate but equal" education for quite some time and since times changed, the whites began to move away and scatter away to areas where blacks couldn't afford to live. To face so many battles in a many major mark of histories, The Little Rock Nine is strong and brave because without education, so many black be left ignorant and uneducated young. I think the approach that the little Rock nine made was a very moderate strategy for equality in the education board , they forced integration whether if the whites agreed with them going with this plan or not. While the mob of whites act unruly manor, they formally walked together in silence with guards surrounding them for safety in a nonviolent way. This somewhat have frightened them a bit but drove their confident and thrive to continue to fight for what was right. As blacks were caught up with commending the accomplishment of achievement integration in schools, years passed and they have started to lack in the implementation of education. As Young black student are receiving poor knowledge through the low of income in the communities. In conclusion, even though autherine Lucy, resist the hope for white to equal right in education, and Jame Meredith to register again at the Christie of Mississippi, the Little Rock Nine achieved what they fought for which it is as yet our obligation in this day and time, as a black community, to uphold the victory that was fought for us. The Little Rock Nine would not be in agreement with the failure to take proper care that poor income schools face today. The Little Rock Nine would mos t likely be in disappointment and wonder why an excess of individuals allow our education to be dabbled with. we must fight back like they

Critical analysis on Susan Rose-Ackermans article Bribes, Patronage and Gift Giving, as well as Richard Friman and Peter Andreas article International relations and the Illicit global Economy

Critical analysis on Susan Rose-Ackermans article Bribes, Patronage and Gift Giving, as well as Richard Friman and Peter Andreas article International relations and the Illicit global Economy Corruption is not a new phenomenon in today's society, but it is an increasing problem. It is an ailment that causes many problems for countries, as well as international relations. When one thinks of corruption they do not think of the consequences that it brings along with it. However, in Susan Rose-Ackerman's' article "Bribes, Patronage, and Gift Giving" along with Richard Friman and Peter Andreas in their article "International Relations and the Illicit Global Economy" they provide two different types of corruption, and the negative effects it brings along with it. Although their approach to the topic is different their main emphases is the same, corruption is harmful.In Susan Rose-Ackerman's article she distinguishes between bribes, tips, gifts, and prices in a model that imposes the existence of a quid pro quo, and the presence or absence of an agent or a principal. According to Ackerman agency principal relationships in the public sector gives rise to corrupt opportunities.For rest J AckermanTherefore, Ackerman believes that one way to reduce corruption is to eliminate the agency principal relationship. If citizens dealt directly with the principal then bribes or "gifts" to the agent would be avoided. When an explicit exchange is taking place with a principal it is seen as a price, and with an agent it is seen as a bribe. On the other hand, if no quid pro quo is expected by the principal it is recognized as a gift and as a tip by the agent. However, if a gift is large enough to have an impact on the recipient's behaviour a quid pro is implicit.In this article Ackerman is arguing that in many societies there is no distinction between the public and private roles. Especially in developing countries where gift giving and patronage are accepted practices. In developing...

The Ethics of Distribution, How to distribute health care fairly Essay

The Ethics of Distribution, How to distribute health care fairly - Essay Example Even after increased spending on the United States health care, the country could not manage to improve health status significantly. Currently, access to health care in the United States is far from equitable; this has raised the legitimate question of justice. Health care insurance has managed to obtain access for most Americans, but 15 percent of individuals remain without coverage. A lot of people are still not able to access modern medicine, and this raises an important topic in medical ethics (Trotochaud, 2006). In the conceptual bioethics framework, access to health care is under the principle of justice, for example; entitlement to resources, equitable distribution, and fairness. The issues of justice in the health care system are divided into two related but different dimensions; access and allocation. Allocation is the process that is used to determine the health care resources for distribution to individuals and populations. The allocation issue has three levels; social level, this is the amount of resources spent by the government on health care compared with other budgetary needs. Second tier is allocation at the point of healthcare service; this is the decisions of health care portions of the federal budget and to whom, where and how the funds will be spent. The final level concerns the individual patient; access to health care in the United States is determined by the ability to have health insurance coverage. Access relates to whether individuals who should be or who are entitled to access health care services can receive them. Even with all the government spending on health care, a majority of people in the United States go without health insurance coverage (Trotochaud, 2006). For example, in the year 2009, 50.7 million individuals lacked healthcare cover. For the many individuals covered by insurance, they can access high-quality care with ease but at high costs. Those without coverage, or without adequate cover forgo much-needed care,

E-Marketing Industry Report (Emirates Airlines) Research Paper

E-Marketing Industry Report (Emirates Airlines) - Research Paper Example (The Emirates Group 2013-2014). The company has utilized the media in the most effective manner and their e-marketing strategy is undoubtedly very efficient (Oxford Business Group 2008). However, there needs to be few amendments in its  strategy that will help in improving the company’s overall operations online (Graham, Papatheodorou and Forsyth 2010). The e-marketing strategy of Emirates Airline is discussed below in this report. The Internet is considered as one of the fundamentals of marketing and advertising. Due to its vast reach and effectiveness, it is now a dynamic source for the consumers of every industry. Since the twenty-first century has opened new doors of technology and communication for almost every corporate sector, therefore, the airline industry have also utilized the medium in an effective manner. The airline industry is utilizing the internet for online reservations, promotions, advertisements, marketing, etc. through websites, social media, mobile apps, and various other e-marketing tools. This report will analyze the e-marketing strategies and online presence of Emirates Airlines. Furthermore, the report will discuss how the corporation has utilized e-marketing for improving its performance. Suggestions and conclusions are also included in the paper. Online analysis or Web analysis is an assessment or measurement /gathering of web data for the purpose of comprehending and optimizing the web page (Kaushik 2009). The online analysis helps organizations to revise their e-marketing strategy as per the market and their research (Graham, Papatheodorou and Forsyth 2010). It allows assessing the effectiveness of the website of a business and how influential their advertising and marketing techniques are (Lurie 2014). There are numerous websites through which other websites can be assessed and analyzed (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2014). The web analysis and e-marketing / online assessment of

Executive Briefing Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Executive Briefing - Research Paper Example There are several reasons for which strategic planning is implemented in the department and its many organizations. This executive paper explores the importance of strategic planning to the Department of Homeland Security and its organizations. However, it is important that the meaning of strategic planning is first understood, more so in the context of the department and its agencies. In essence, strategic planning refers to the mechanisms established to indicate the direction an organization intends to take in a specified period. In addition, strategic planning entails the processes and activities by which an organization will attain its objectives within the target period and the indicators of the attainment of the set objectives (Allison & Kaye, 2005). Unlike business plans, which focus on specific programs or products, strategic planning covers an entire organization’s vision, mission, interests, and goals. A number of models and approaches to strategic planning are used by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The determinants on the models of strategic planning to be applied by a given organization include an agency’s leadership, complexity, planner expertise, organizational culture, structure, size, and environment (Allison & Kaye, 2005). Recognizing the importance of strategic planning, the department established the office of strategic plans with the mandate to express the department’s and its Secretary’s vision, mission, goals, objectives, and priorities. This role of articulating these priorities helps the department to plan for the creation of products that meet client needs using the available resources economically (Homeland Security, 2012). There are several pillars that drive the office of the strategic plans to achieve its goals. These principles include the responsibility to promote inter-departmental/organizational collaborations,

The Role of the Entrepreneur in Economics

The Role of the Entrepreneur in Economics Introduction Whilst entrepreneurship has existed for centuries and has contributed greatly to the foundation of Anglo-American business development and growth, its serious academic study is of more recent origin. The major reason behind this aberration possibly lies within the tenets of traditional microeconomic theory, which connects success and failure to essentially material causes and leaves little space for an essentially subjective and unquantifiable phenomenon like entrepreneurship. International differences in living standards are, for example, attributed to â€Å"differences in national endowments of labour, capital and natural resources, which in turn stem from differences over time in rates of population growth, saving and natural resource depletion.† (Welsh, 2003, P3) In fact the field of entrepreneurial activity was likened, as recently as 1983, by a Harvard University professor to an â€Å"intellectual onion.† (Welsh, 2003, P3) â€Å"You peel it back layer by layer and when you get to the centre there is nothing there but you are crying† (Welsh, 2003, P3). Studies backed by empirical and statistical evidence however show the importance of entrepreneurial activity in creation of new jobs and of small and medium businesses. (Harper, 2003) Research also indicates the presence of a residual factor, which is extremely significant to the success of business enterprises, relates to the quality rather than the quantity of resources, as also with the differences in efficiency of resource utilisation. (Harper, 2003) Whilst such differences in quality and utilisation of resources are often associated with the quality of human capital that has been developed through education and training, recently developed entrepreneurial theory also associates human capital with the entrepreneurial abilities of the population. (Harper, 2003) The role of the entrepreneur is best gauged from a historical perspective, which in turn enables academic researchers and historians to realise that some people were right and others wrong at certain points of time. (Birley Macmillan, 1997) Such people saw opportunity where others did not; whilst being in a minority they proved the majority wrong, and by doing so, altered the course of history. Much of the earlier neglect of the role of entrepreneurs has vanished over the last few decades. Entrepreneurs like Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, the founders of Google, and Richard Branson are much admired role models; individuals who have contributed immensely to modern day society. Silicon Valley is a globally admired phenomenon and entrepreneurial activity is happening faster, and with more capital behind it, than ever before. The success achieved by the entrepreneurial community has led to their activity attracting enormous capital, not just in the United States, where stories of garage start-ups that have gone on to become billion dollar businesses have become part of folk lore, but also in many other parts of the globe. The market for venture capital offerings and Initial Public Offers has reached unprecedented heights; successful entrepreneurs have also invested heavily in other new businesses, backing competent people and supporting interesting ideas. (Welsch, 2003) Much of the enthusiasm for supporting entrepreneurship, as well as its practice, has also arisen from the growth of some extremely successful entrepreneurs into larger than life international icons, known worldwide for their enormously successful businesses, their social, economic, and political power, and, sometimes, their exaggerated lifestyles. L N Mittal the British steel tycoon, who hired the Versailles to celebrate his daughters wedding, provides an example of a successful modern day entrepreneur, ideally suited for a critical assessment of entrepreneurial practice, within its organisational, social, and personal contexts. Commentary and Analysis Mittal, the man, his life, and his company Mittal’s life is a fascinating account of the progress of an entrepreneur who grew from very simple beginnings in a conservative, deeply religious, and orthodox business community family in Calcutta (now Kolkata) to the largest steel producer in the world and the richest person to reside in the United Kingdom. Born into a medium level business family, Mittal’s early childhood, whilst austere, was not deprived. His father, a first generation entrepreneur was the owner of a steel mill in the central Indian province of Uttar Pradesh. Mittal grew up in Kolkata; where he first attended a local language school, and then went on to take a bachelor’s degree in commerce, before joining his father’s business. (D’Costa, 1999) Most members of the Rajasthani business community to which he belonged still believe in children getting into business to get practical experience immediately after obtaining a basic education, and Mittal did not even think of studying fo r an MBA like many of his peers. (D’Costa, 1999) Working in the family business for more than a decade, Mittal learnt steelmaking in Indonesia where the company had purchased an old loss making steel plant. (Balakrishnan, 2003) Turning it around successfully, he focussed on buying other loss making steel plants and making them into viable units; he separated from his family in 1994 (Balakrishnan, 2003) and in an astonishing period of fifteen years built the largest steel company in the world. Mittal’s strategy for growth was at once extremely simple and yet tremendously demanding. Concentrating on locating old, decrepit, and loss making steel mills, Mittal would procure them at bargain basement prices, modernise them with great cost effectiveness, increase their productive capacity and quality, and make them into efficient and viable units. (D’Costa, 1999) Mittal or LNM, as he is called, started buying out old and rusty companies in the early 1990s.One of his earliest coups happened in 1992 when he was able to buy the 20 year old Sibalsa mill in Mexico for USD 220 million. (Balakrishnan, 2003) This purchase was followed by mills in Trinidad, Canada, East Europe, and Africa, acquisitions that stretched his business affairs from Mexico and Canada to Romania, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, Algeria and Indonesia. (Balakrishnan, 2003) Apart from being known to be immensely effective in driving hard bargains, Mittal also developed a multidisciplinary team trained to make the most of dilapidated nationalised rustbuckets that had been put on the block. Many of his team members came from SAIL, the resource strapped and loss making Indian public sector steel making company whose managers had extensive experience in extracting the most from obsolete and ill maintained machinery at the least possible cost. Available for a fraction of the costs of western managers, these well knit teams of production experts would move in after the completion of an acquisition, put the plant into working order, increase its capacity significantly, train local managers, and move on to the next buy. (D’Costa, 1999) â€Å"At Ispat Sidex in the Czech Republic, production climbed from 3.04 million tonnes to 3.65 million tonnes, a year after it was acquired.† (Balakrishnan, 2003) Again at the giant Karmet Steel Works in Kazakhstan, which Mittal bought in 1995, production rose from 2.2 million tonnes in 1995 to more than 5 million tons in a few years. (Balakrishnan, 2003) Mittal’s biggest acquisition occurred in 2006 when he took over controlling interest of Luxembourg based Arcelor, then the world’s largest steel company, after a long drawn battle with the board of the target company. (Mittal Wins, 2006) Arcelor Mittal is now the largest steel company in the world. Producing 10 % of global steel output, the company operates in 60 countries, has more than 300,000 employees, and is ranked 39th on the Fortune 500 list. In 2007 it had assets of 133.6 billion US dollars, achieved sales of 105.2 billion US dollars, and achieved profits of 10.36 billion US dollars. That’s a long way to come in 15 years. Mittal’s current lifestyle belies his middle class origins. He has an eye for luxury, a fascination for opulence and revels in making extravagant lifestyle statements. His houses in London are among the most expensive in the world, the weddings of his children have been explosions of lavishness, and he is not known for charitable work. â€Å"Mittal outscored billionaires like Donald Trump of US, luxury titan Bernard Arnault of France and Andrei Melnichenko of Russia with a $60 million extravaganza in honour of his daughter Vanisha’s nuptials, Forbes magazine said in a report titled â€Å"Billionaire Weddings.† Mittal family had sent out 20-page invitations in silver boxes, while 1,000 guests were put up in a five-star Paris hotel for the five-day affair for marriage of Vanisha Mittal with Amit Bhatia in June 2004. A party was hosted at Versailles, while another event reportedly took place at a wooden castle temporarily erected in Parc de Saint-Cloud, Forbes said.† (Billionaire weddings, 2006) Proud to be Indian and still the holder of an Indian passport despite many years in London, Mittal’s charitable gestures extend to setting up a sports academy and foundation to prop up India’s pathetic sports effort and gifting successful Indian sportspersons with extravagant money prizes. Mittal’s business efforts have not been successful all the time. â€Å"There have been deals that have stayed out of reach along the way. A few years ago, the LNM Group was on the verge of clinching a deal to buy Sidor, a Venezuelan plant but found the prize snatched from it at the last moment. U.S. Steel which beat the LNM Group in the race for VSZ in Slovakia. It also beat Mittal to the draw for Sartid, a Serbian plant. His efforts to grab a share of the e-business pie also evaporated into cyberspace. He attempted to marry technology and steel by setting up an e-exchange where steel could be traded, but the effort was aborted. His venture capital fund which hoped to strike a gusher in the hi-tech sector also didnt score any big multi-bagger hits.†(Balakrishnan, 2003) Assessment in terms of Entrepreneurial Theory Various economists have attempted to explain the process of entrepreneurship in different ways. Attempting to fill in a vital gap in the market process, economists like Schumpeter, Mises, Hayek, Shackle, Lachmann and others have tried to clarify entrepreneurship as â€Å"the animating force of the market process, initiating each alteration of the existing pattern of values, plans, and expectations in the market, and carrying through the physical actions which bring about new values, plans, and expectations.† (Wood, 2005) Successful entrepreneurship is the core of market development; not only does it bring about changes of existing to future strategies, estimations, and opportunities, but also the sighting and construction of fresh future conditions that are better than choices on hand and the concrete modification of present plans to each other and to the future. In essence the entrepreneur is often regarded as a connector; the person who detects the opening of gain between two separate market members, initiates required actions for purchasing from the vendor and selling to the buyer, and captures entrepreneurial profit. There however also exist other entrepreneurial tasks, which necessarily begin with the route of watchfully perceiving the incidence of opportunity before others, followed by finer details. The definition of entrepreneurship laid down by Stevenson in 1983 as â€Å"the pursuit of opportunity beyond the resources you currently control† is much in favour at Harvard University and takes account of both the individual and the larger society of which s/he is a part. (Welsch, 2003) The individual identifies an opportunity that needs to be followed and then tries to obtain the required resources from the larger society for exploiting the opportunity. (Morris, 1998) Entrepreneurship theory has in recent years been significantly enriched by inputs from numerous researchers who have tried to analyse the phenomenon from the social, organisational and personal contexts. Welsch, (2003), states (from an investigation of histories and culture in forty countries) that (a) entrepreneurship flourishes in communities where resources are mobile (b) entrepreneurship is greater when successful members of a community reinvest excess capital in the projects of other community members, (c) entrepreneurship flourishes in communities in which the success of other community members are celebrated rather than derided and that (d) entrepreneurship is greater in communities that see change as positive rather than negative. Some of these conditions are particular to Mittal. He comes from a desert trader community, the members of which moved out to other regions a couple of hundred years ago in search of opportunities and prosperity. Over time the Marwari community, of which he is now a much celebrated member, developed very strong kinship, hereditary business expertise, internal processes of information exchange, strong informal networks through arranged marriages, and the ability to seek, spot, and exploit opportunities. Trust in such societies is created through intra-community linkages and the growth of diverse collaborative ventures where preferential treatment is usually provided to companies with same community ownership. Mittal himself married a wealthy moneylender’s daughter from the same community and his initial business efforts in Indonesia were supported by the family business and other members of the community.(Richter, 1999) Whilst he separated his business from that of his family n either he nor his family have ever expressed rancour or talked publicly about the reasons for separation except to state that he wished to follow the international route whereas the other family members wished to grow in India. .(Richter, 1999) He was the first to spot the potential available for commercial exploitation of old and loss making steel plants and could successfully put through a process of making them into productive and valuable assets. He has also had the confidence to constantly leverage his businesses taking on debt to fund the needs of acquisition and consolidation. (Harper, 2003) Much of Mittal’s entrepreneurial success in his chosen field is due to the organisation he moulded during the 1990s. Putting his trust in the people of his country rather than in creating an organisation with an international culture, Mittal stacked his team with production and finance people from India, the production people being drawn from India’s old and obsolete public sector steel plants where maintenance and operations on paper thin budgets called for gallons of ingenuity and expertise, (Balakrishnan, 2003) and the finance people invariably being sharp chartered accountants from his community who could be trusted to drive the hardest bargain and maintain total confidentiality. This team, which he personally supervises and motivates, is close knit and expert in working in alien environments and setting up new organisations. Whilst currently existing theories may be inadequate for comprehension of the vibrant interaction amongst entrepreneurship, the state, and external environmental factors, as well as the institution’s capability to assist entrepreneurship and ensuing efficacy, it does differentiate between innovative and entrepreneurial organisations, entrepreneurship involving individuals building new organisations rather than individuals who are involved with established corporations. (Koepp, 2002) Mittal’s empire has not been known for pathbreaking innovation of the type shown by Google or YouTube where entrepreneurship and innovation live closely in cosy comfort. It is known to stay with businesses in which its expertise has been built over years, and where success comes from production ingenuity and a vigilant eye on costs. Mittal’s preponderance to stay with people with whom he is culturally comfortable and whom he feels he can trust and control also denies him access to the much larger talent pool available to organisations who hire only the best regardless of their origin. It also possibly explains the reasons behind the failures of ventures that attempted to go beyond the pale of steel production, for example the lack of success in his attempts to set up an e-business, an e-steel trading exchange, and a venture capital fund. Entrepreneurship theory also essentially focuses on the entrepreneurial psyche, i.e. the fundamental mental and attitudinal differences that distinguish entrepreneurs from others. Peter Drucker and Frank Knight associated entrepreneurship with the willingness to take risks and spend time and capital in pursuit of ideas and convictions, especially in situations of true uncertainty about outcomes. (Welsch, 2003) Shackle, Lachmann, and other economists however theorise that the true entrepreneur does not bear risk. (Wood, 2003) Entrepreneurs are actually so sure of the trueness of their future forecasts that they believe that the future will roll out exactly as they anticipate; whilst knowing that they operate in situations of uncertainty they have the confidence in their ability to make correct forecasts. Although this phenomenon has been interpreted by Mises to mean that entrepreneurs are oblivious to all else but profits, a consensus is building on the theory that whilst entrepreneur s are aware of uncertainties, they shoulder risks aside in their pursuit of their convictions. Entrepreneurs are also associated with creativity, resourcefulness and strong self belief, desire for new ideas, openness to change, inherent competitiveness, motivation, energy, and openness to criticism. (Morris, 1998) Entrepreneurship is also associated with passion, commitment, and perseverance. Whilst it is improbable that all successful entrepreneurs are so gifted, many of them possess some of these qualities in abundance. Research studies however do not pay much attention to issues like factors like luck and fortune in successful entrepreneurship and the need for the entrepreneur to be in the right place at the right time. Nor do they associate it much with greed, ambition, the tendency to cut corners, and to work on the periphery of rules and procedures. Microsoft has been accused time and again of stifling competition and has been involved in anti-trust legislation. Many questions have been raised about Mittal’s donations to the labour party and the poor conditions of workers in his factories. Whilst much is made of the positive qualities of entrepreneurs it is but fair to recognise that ambition and greed contribute significantly to their mental makeup and strong institutions and regulatory procedures are needed for society to benefit from the dynamism and vitality they bring to business. Conclusion Mittal in his personal life is known to be a committed family man and has groomed his son to succeed him in future. Close associates say that he is hard working and driven by his bottom lines. Whilst detractors feel that he has been helped by the phenomenal increase in the demand for steel and that he was in the right place at the right time when large numbers of dilapidated steel plants were being put on the block, the enormous and sustained success of his enterprise proves that there is much to his success beyond simple luck. His organisation building capacity is said to be remarkable and he provides his engineers a stable and financially beneficial working environment. Entrepreneurship theory is also about vision; the capacity to forecast future happenings with great perspicacity. (George Zahra, 2002) This is where Mittal scores. More than anything else people associate him with extraordinary vision, the ability to see the need of the future and build his grand plan accordingly. (Balakrishnan, 2003) Whilst he has been distracted from time to time by plans for other businesses, his focus has been sharp on the need of the steel industry to consolidate and the inability of small and medium sized steel businesses to cope with the demands of the present and the future. Although the man is now regarded more as a business giant, concerned with the consolidation of his industry rather than with starting new business ventures, he stands as a classic case of a successful entrepreneur and of the tenets of entrepreneurship theory. Word Count: 3160 and References References Balakrishnan, P, (2003), L.N. Mittal, the king of steel, rediff.com, Retrieved April24, 2008 from www.rediff.com/money/2003/sep/27spec.htm Billionaire weddings: Mittal on top, (2006), The Financial Express, Retrieved August 24, 2008 from www.financialexpress.com/news/Billionaire-weddings-Mittals-on-top Bird, B., Brush, C. (2002), A Gendered Perspective on Organizational Creation, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 26(3), 41+ Birley, S. Macmillan, I. C. (Eds.), (1997). Entrepreneurship in a Global Context, London: Routledge Does a Society Which Fears Failure Stifle the Entrepreneurial Spirit. (2005, June 29). The Birmingham Post (England), p. 17 Ford, N. (2008, March). Mittal Wrapping Up Africa? as the Pace of Asian Investment in African Raw Materials Begins to Pick Up, Indias Arcelor Mittal the Worlds Largest Steel Producer, Has Announced New Investment in West African Iron Ore Mining. What Are the Implications for Africa? Report by Neil Ford. African Business 54+ Gartner, W. B. (2001). Is There an Elephant in Entrepreneurship? Blind Assumptions in Theory Development, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 25(4), 27+ George, G., Zahra, S. A, (2002), Culture and Its Consequences for Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 26(4), 5+ Harper, D. A. (2003), Foundations of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, New York: Routledge Henderson, S. (2008, March). Growing Up CEO: Parents Can Nurture a Childs Entrepreneurial Spirit, Ebony, 63, 170+ INSIDE THE WORLD OF THE MEN OF STEEL; Dynasty of Steel: The Billionaire Lakshmi Mittal with His Son Aditya at the Familys [Pounds Sterling]57 Million London Home Opposite Kensington Palace. Lakshmi Says of His Son I Am Following in His Footsteps. He Is the Future. (2007, September 11). The Evening Standard (London, England), p. 18 Jelinek, M., Litterer, J. A. (1995), Toward Entrepreneurial Organizations: Meeting Ambiguity with Engagement. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 19(3), 137+ Koepp, R. (2002). Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europes Silicon Fen. Chichester, England: Wiley Mittal Wins Battle for Arcelor to Create Worlds Biggest Steel Firm. (2006, June 29). Manila Bulletin, p. NA Morris, M. H. (1998). Entrepreneurial Intensity: Sustainable Advantages for Individuals, Organizations, and Societies. Westport, CT: Quorum Books Muhammad, T. K. (1997, January). From Buppie to Biz-Wiz: Forget Corporate America Generation X Is Choosing the Entrepreneurial Path to Success. Black Enterprise, 27, 44+ D’Costa, A, (1999), The Global Restructuring of the Steel Industry: Innovations, Institutions, and Industrial Change. London: Routledge Richter, F., (1999), Business Networks in Asia: Promises, Doubts, and Perspectives. Westport, CT: Quorum Books Schonberg, S. (2006, Spring). Europes New Protectionism: A Former Policy Insider Outlines the Disturbing Trend. The International Economy, 20, 46+ Taylor, R. R. (1988). Exceptional Entrepreneurial Women: Strategies for Success. New York: Praeger Theil, S. (2008, January/February), Europes Philosophy of Failure: In France and Germany, Students Are Being Forced to Undergo a Dangerous Indoctrination. Taught That Economic Principles Such as Capitalism, Free Markets, and Entrepreneurship Are Savage, Unhealthy, and Immoral, These Children Are Raised on a Diet of Prejudice and Bias. Rooting It out May Determine Whether Europes Economies Prosper or Continue to Be Left Behind. Foreign Policy 54+ Welsch, H. P, (2003). Entrepreneurship: The Way Ahead. New York: Routledge Wood, J.S, (2005), The development and present state of the theory of entrepreneurship in product and asset markets by Knight, Hayek, Schumpeter, Mises, Kirzner, Shackle and Lachmann, Austrian Scholars Conference 2005, Retrieved August 24, 2008 from mises.org/journals/scholar/wood.pdf

Hope Floats Essay -- essays research papers

Hope Floats   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie I decided to watch is called Hope Floats. This is a great movie, and it not only should be about love, but it showed me about life. Do you think you can fix your life and get it back on the right track all on your own? All you have to do is just have to give hope a chance and believe that everything will get better someday. There is always a time in everyone’s life when something horrible happens. Sometimes it something that changes your very course of life in an instant. Then life becomes difficult and it seems all you can do is give up on everything. But it does not have to be like that at all. Your life is not over, you just hit a rough spot along the way, and things are bound to get better, because it is easier to bounce higher once you have fallen. Birdee Calvert, played by Sandra Bullock, was a beauty queen, known as â€Å"Ms. Popular†. She was also a cheerleader and even prom queen when she was in high school. She married her high school sweet heart, Bill Calvert. They then moved to Chicago straight after high school and lived the perfect life together†¦so it seemed. Then things began to seem different for her and things did not seem so perfect after all. The whole movie starts when she appears on a Reality TV show. She thinks she’s there for a free make over or something that he best friend dragged her into doing. She soon realizes that’s not why she’s there at all. On this TV show, Birdee’s best friend admits and tells her she’s having an affair with her husband. Birdee and her young daughter, Bernice, decide to pack up and leave Bill. They move out and travel back to Birdee’s home town of Smithville, Texas. There she much live with her mother. She was never very close with her mother growing up, but now she has to live with her, she wants to start a new bond together. When she gets to Smithville her life becomes even more complicated than it was to begin with and she never thought it could quite be like this. After much debate, Birdee finally is convinced to start a new life, which involves getting a new job. There is a problem though, she must deal with something from her past. Most of the people she went to high school with still live in Smithville. Normally this would not be a problem for anyone else, but when you think about that fact that her and her friends teased everyone, it was a big problem... ... in the town saw her on TV. getting her heartbroken. That would be so bad, I can’t imagine how that would feel, she was probably embarrassed that everyone knew about it. She showed an enormous amount of strength and courage to be able to pick herself up and dust herself off. I respect her for that and would like to think that if that would ever happen to me that I would have the strength and power to keep going and not give up just like her. I think this is a powerful message to women. It is telling us never give up and keep a positive attitude, because you can do want ever you set your mind to it. I learned lot from this movie, and one thing I remember is that the beginnings are sometimes scary, endings are usually sad, but it’s the middle that counts most. That is true for a lot of things just in everyday life. I believe that I learn a lot from this movie and I would suggest anyone to see it. Just remember, when your life goes off track, you have to remember never give up and throw in the towel. It will get better, you need to realize that your life will not go back exactly the same, but everything changes. I also learned that everything will be ok, just give it time and faith.

Dillemas of social control Essay

Everybody envisions a safer place and a peaceful state. However, recent events in the 21st century have extremely instilled fear and doubt to the people of the world. At present, it seems that the world has turned back to the dark ages of barbarian’s gambit of annihilation and it is challenged by mad men of chaotic beliefs and distorted ideals. Thus, it is no wonder that our everyday lives are confronted with the paranoia of deceit. Basically, the aging society is currently manifesting its senile nature which is represented by men who wander in its fragile state. These men who make the society senile and fragile are characterized by greed and dogmatic ideologies that have resulted in human carnage, famine, and plagues of war. One wonders, what does it would take for the government to sanctify the protection of its people? Do the people desire to be protected or are they the ones who protect? These questions are profoundly manifested in the long debates of legislations specifically on counter-terrorism. Fortunately, there are still a few good men in pursuit of a better and safer place and a peaceful state. In this regard, this paper will focus on America’s public policies that addresses the trauma and torments of terrorism that shocked America in the 9/11 tragedy. In addition, the paper will also discuss how the governments of the world interact with the foreign policy on counter-terrorism and how the implementation of such a policy would affect the way of life. The overall discussion of this paper will use a two-prong approach by discussing selective literatures and apply the ethical parameters of Clark Cochran, Lawrence Mayer, T. Carr and N. Joseph Cayer in their book, ‘American Public Policy: An Introduction’. Literature Review The post 9/11 tragedy is a continuing challenge to American people that seeks justice and determination of further knowing the treacherous powers that be. It is not only America that suffers the trauma of the human carnage of the 9/11 tragedy but all of the allied governments and United Nations’ members as well. The political experts, policy makers, and various intelligence agencies perceive terrorism as a social ill and more than just a phenomenon. It is also evident that the ultimate target of terrorists is the United States, being the world’s most powerful country, and this was proven during the 9/11 attacks. Moreover, the threats of terrorism beset the US’ homeland defense and crosses international borders to implement defense strategies with allied countries that are also potential targets of terrorist attacks. In short, terrorism can truly be considered a serious global threat. According to the report of the US National Counterterrorism Center (USNCC), approximately 14,000 terrorist attacks occurred in various countries during 2006 and resulted in over 20,000 deaths. As compared to 2005, attacks in 2006 rose by 3,000 (a 25% increase) while the death toll rose by 5,800 (a 40% increase), which was also the case last year and was by far the largest number of terrorist incidents that occurred in the near East and South Asia. In addition, the USNCC (2007) disclosed that the two regions of East and South Asia were the locations of 90% of the nearly 300 high-casualty attacks in 2006 that killed ten or more people while only a total of five high-casualty attacks occurred in Europe-Eurasia, East Asia-Pacific and the Western Hemisphere (USNCC, 2007). The research paper of Rohan Gunaratna of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR) in 2006 has reported expanded terrorists’ bailiwicks across the world. Based on his report, al-Qaeda and Taliban camps in Afghanistan trained between 70,000 and 120,000 Muslim youths to fight in the Philippines (Mindanao province), Indonesia (Maluku and Poso provinces), Myanmar, China (Xinjiang province), Kashmir, Bosnia, Kosovo, Chechnya, Dagestan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Yemen and other countries. It is clear that the expansive mode of the terrorists pose risk and threats to Southeast Asian countries. In addition, the carnage of terrorism would plunge the poor countries into insurmountable human casualties and ultimately result in the devastation of their economies. It may be then perceived that al-Qaeda is being condoned by its Islamic cohorts that could greatly influence the vast Muslim communities around the world. These perceptions attribute to the alarming concern of imminent danger that al-Qaeda which could continuously conduct its terrorist assaults basedon its political-Islamist-religious platform of Jihad (holy war). Stages of Policy Analysis: The Framing of a National Policy Turning our grief into courage is a credo that basically calls for national recovery amidst terrorist threats that has enabled the Americans to overcome their grief and become courageous to surpass the inimical challenge. Indeed, America turned its grief into courage as manifested in condemning the ultimate cohort of terrorism in the US war in Iraq. The Iraq war has highlighted the US’s capabilities to disarm Saddam Hussein’s weapons of mass destruction and liberate the people from the tyrannical regime and set a new Iraqi government. The US government has realigned its governmental functions to respond to its vulnerability to the continuing threat of terrorism and shared its burdens with allied governments. The framing of the national policy for an efficient homeland defense system has paved the way for the enactment of the Intelligence Reform and terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA ), which an act to reform the intelligence operational framework for efficient capability. According to Terri Everret’s paper, â€Å"Procuring the Future: 21st Century IC Acquisition,† in January 8th 2008, IRTPA yielded a strategic defense program through the Office of the Director of the National Intelligence (ODNI). The main purpose of the ODNI program, according to Everret, is to avert conflict and preserve peace while specifically focusing on: (1) military, (2) proliferation, (3) foreign policy, (4) economics, (5) terrorism, narcotics, international organized crimes, (6) technology, and (7) regional conflict. Furthermore, the ODNI program empowers the IRTPA to support the enactment of US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 2007 which modernized the National economic programs for Fiscal Year 2008. The overall representation of this development supports the US Counterintelligence Strategy of 2007 basically empowers the homeland defense system. Defining of a Policy From the previous discussions of issues as presented with a brief review of literatures and statistical data, it has been cited that the need of the US government and its people is to materialize and put into national perspective the country’s security. In this aspect, the effectiveness, applicability, and efficiency to enact the US security and defense policy will be examined through the concept and ethical parameters based on the book, American Public Policy: An Introduction. i) According to the American Public Policy: An Introduction, the analysis of a policy requires the interpretation and examination of the fundamental conditions and rationale to enact a policy. Based on the book, â€Å"policy analysis is not value neutral but wants to discover the significance and importance to public values†. In short, public policy is characterized by objectivity of reasoning and intention for a public interest. Furthermore, according to Cochran, et. al, a public policy must be dealt with classifications of purposes, types, and goods. In other words, the objectivity and rationality are combined factors that exemplify the importance, adequacy, applicability, and affectivity of the public policy to the life of the people and well-being of the state. This analysis also coincides and adheres to the moral and social values. In this regard, one example is the threat on terrorism to American people which does not only address the enactment of IRTPA and other programs on State security but also embraces all forms of terrorism-related violence occurring within a domestic domain that may be inflicted by a common crime or street crime, which is commonly called community crimes. ii) The classification of the policy is mainly to deter crime and enact on crime through imposing the punishment or penalty as provided by the rules of court and the due process of law. Another example of terrorism-related violence is the magnitude or scope of implication or damage by size and by number of casualties within household or community, especially when children and women are the victims of crimes. These also include multiple murders with mutilation of the bodies, rape, burglary and arson, which are also considered as heinous crimes. It may be interpreted from the point of view of securing the state that the subsequent enactment of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 2007, and the Counterintelligence Strategy of 2007, focuses on counter-terrorism. On the other hand, the enactment of the National Strategy for Homeland Security of 2007 embodies and embraces all of the provisions from previous policy enactments, which could be interpreted as reinvented applications and coherent enforcements within the domestic system of governance and national policy environment. In short, the scope of the applicability the National Strategy for Homeland Security of 2007 addresses the framework policy. Defining the Ethical Parameters Classification and Purpose for a Safer and Peaceful State i) Classifying a public policy in a category of securing the public is being defined by the magnitude of application to preserving peace and order. Based on the book, American Public Policy: An Introduction, the enactment of a security policy would secure the interstate (domestic) and intrastate (foreign community) domains from the common crimes committed by the citizens of the state and the vulnerability of the state from external attacks being specifically characterized by terrorists. Moreover, according to the book, the underlying claim on which classification of a public policy is relevant for the serious deficiencies in the ability of federal law enforcement authorities to recognize and respond to terrorist threats which is primarily due to the fact that individuals are often labeled suspicious on the basis of ideological, rather than behavioral grounds. It is evident that the classification of a policy to protect and secure the public would likewise define where and whom the policy should cover. ii) The purpose is the deliberate intention of a policy to objectively address the circumstance or phenomenon affecting the well-being of the state in order to preserve the interest of the people. In this case, the interest of the people to live in a better, safer, and peaceful world is being threatened by terrorism. The purpose to live in a better, safer and peaceful state has deliberately and intentionally emanated from the rationale of the government to enact a policy that defines the purpose to protect, preserve, and uphold the sovereignty of people against forces of destruction. According to US President George Bush, the purpose of enacting the US Homeland defense system is aligned with the interstate and intrastate security strategies and is a shared responsibility across the entire nation that has been developed for national culture preparedness [of the local tribal state and federal governments] and crosses international borders for collaborating secured international communities. Perspectives of A Safer and Peaceful State i) Based on Cochran, et. al’s book, â€Å"enacting a public policy must be determined by the type of application and the goods it would impart to people and society†. The community represented by families must enjoy a safer and peaceful life to manifest a better living condition categorized by abundance and prosperity. From this statement, the book promotes a liberating concept of a safer and peaceful state reflective of a crime-free community and is being protected by a public policy that promulgates crime sanctions and the imposition of punishments upon committing a crime. The implementation of the US Homeland defense system, through various policies or State Acts previously discussed in this paper, point out the perspective of a safer and peaceful state, and wholly emphasize a call for national recovery in socio-economic-political aspect. This is also linked to the efforts of the state to secure the lives of the people as well as to preserve the economic resources which could make the world a safer and better place to live in. ii) Cochran’s, et. al. concept and ethical parameters applies in the overall perspectives of the US policy and State Acts for a safer place and peaceful state. In addition, perspectives in the point of view of interstate (domestic) domain protection on combating vulnerability and preempting terrorist aggression from intrastate (foreign) domain can be applied. The US Homeland defense system could be a fortress that shields the American community from terrorism, and while having that shield, the US manages to enforce its strategies in its counter-terrorism efforts across borders. Furthermore Based on Cochran et. al’s book, a policy flows from analysis which is not value neutral but wants to discover the significance and importance to public values. Therefore, the US Homeland defense system has enabled an interstate (domestic) and intrastate (foreign) policy that defines the importance of the public values, which affirms and represents the various concept and ethical parameters stated in the book, American Public Policy: An Introduction. Conclusion It is safe to say that the US government made a safer place for the American people, as manifested by its empowerment of Homeland defense and attainment of security measures. However, the militarism aspect in countering terrorism has somehow inflicted a wound on the flesh of sovereign people. In this connection, it can be perceived that it is also important to rectify the human errors committed in enforcing counter-terrorism measures that add the cost of human toll. The US security policy from its interstate and intrastate scope has its dimensional perspective in achieving a better place. In addition, the â€Å"sharing of responsibility and burdens† amongst nations could be the pursuance of a world order. The creation and execution of the security and defense policies basically represents conceptual frameworks and ethics presented in the book, American Public Policy: An Introduction. However, it is not clear how the realities of implementation could be measured based on the lives of people in international communities. Furthermore, a safer place is perceived as a continuing perseverance in enacting state policies. It is also the moral basis of the existing policies. In short, public policy that can promote a peaceful State is a policy that may genuinely harness the defense and security of people and the State itself. Works Cited Cochran, Mayer, Carr and Cayer. â€Å"American Public Policy: An Introduction†. 2006. Thompson/Wadsworth Publishing, 8th Edition. ISBN: 0-534-60163-4. Rohan Gunaratna. â€Å"Terrorism in Southeast Asia: Threat and Response†. 2006. Center for Eurasian Policy Occassional Research Paper, Series II (Islamism in Southeast Asia), No. 1. , Hudson Institute. 17 March 2008 from http://www. hudson. org/files/pdf_upload/terrorismPDF. pdf. Terri Everett. â€Å"Procuring the Future 21st Century IC Acquisition†. (2008). DNI Senior Procurement Executive, Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 17 March 2008 from http://www. fas. org/irp/dni/everett. ppt. US Department of State. â€Å"National Strategy for Homeland Security†. 2007. Retrieved 17 ` March 2008 from http://www. state. gov/journals/. US National Counterterrorism Center. â€Å"Report on Terrorist Incidents-2006†. (2007). Retrieved 17 March 2008 from http://www. wits. nctc. gov/reports/crot2006nctcannexfinal. pdf.

My Life Is Made of Three C’s

My Life Is Made of Three C’s My Life Is Made of Three C’s I do not remember who told this wise saying Life is a sum of all your choices but in some case it has a reason. Life always provides several ways to resolve any problem or several paths to go. And the only step we take defines next events and processes of our life. I used to believe in an assumption that lives of everyone are already written down in a so-called destiny book and nothing can be changed as it goes how it was predicted by higher reason. But while I was growing older my world perception was changing. I understood that there are two more important factors that have the same influence on human life and my life in particular. These are chances and changes. Together with choices they create a unique system which regulates everything and controls everyone. Chances come from nowhere. At least it seems so. But they come in a moment they are needed the most. For the first time I realized this secret in a high-school when I was thinking about higher education. Knowledge I was receiving was like fresh water for me because I always remembered the words of my mother that knowledge is the essential thing in life in the way to success. I studied hard, I did my best but in one moment I understood that it was not so easy to achieve the precious goal. I realized that my dream began to melt like an ice-cream. I was despaired and did not know what to do. And then I got a chance. It appeared like light in the darkness. The only chance defined my whole life. But it was only a proposition. Then I made a choice. Making a choice always requires responsibility. I realized the risk of a serious step I was going to make. At the same time I recognized the benefit this chance could bring. So having evaluated all pros and cons I made a decision. I clearly remember that moment. I did not have any hesitation. I just knew it was right. Right time, right place and right opportunity. The most important thing was that I was ready to accept that chance. And I can say that chances come when we are ready to meet them. The same happened with me. Sometimes people refuse to take choices and pretend they do not see number of excellent opportunities life provides them. Actually this happens not because they are not attentive or they are exactors. Fear of uncertainty and inability to foresee the future after taking decision makes them hesitate and delay happy destiny. I was always fighting with such fear because I realized that it was spoiling my life considerably. While having a psychological struggle I got an experience of driving out fire with fire. It was really an effective method. I grew older and I grew wiser. I understood that nature of human satisfaction in life depends on changes that occur in life. Good changes bring motivation of further actions. Bad changes break any dream and take away any willingness to self-improvement. That is why I think about the consequences any decision can bring. Changes that came after making choice influenced greatly my life. I have received a new goal and plan of actions. I began to think about how I can improve myself and how can I bring benefit to people and world around me. I do believe that everyone fells more need to be useful to other people than to earn a lot of money. I do believe that I have made the right decision. In conclusion I would like to say that human life is short and my life is not an exception. To fall down is a part of life, to fall on knees means to live itself. To be alive is a gift. To be happy is a choice. I change myself in order to have happy and rewarding life. I get chances and make choices. I do it now because there are two times in a life: now and too late. And I do not want to regret about the lost opportunities.

Effects of the SIR on Tradition and Social Mores

Effects of the SIR on Tradition and Social Mores Change is a continuous process that is bound to occur as long as there is variation in time. Technology has brought change in the world especially social change. There are several technological advances in the world today which include computers, television, airplanes, fax machines, modems, radios and cellular phones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the SIR on Tradition and Social Mores specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These technological advances have brought social change in world. Indeed, they have changed the manner in which people interact, travel, conduct business, meet, work and learn. Technological advances have brought the greatest change in human social life. Social media technology is one example of modern technology that has brought social change what is termed as improved audience interaction. Social media has changed the world in tremendous ways especially in work places, education sectors, b usinesses and all sectors in the world where people interact. Examples of social media technology include: video conferencing, you tube, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, blogs, web meetings among many others (Inkeles 2000). This paper mainly analyzes how social media technology has managed to bring the greatest social change in human life. It describes in details both the technology and the social change itself. Social media technology can be described as an interactive place through which communities and people form and share the content generated by the user. Social media is a collection of applications from the internet that fabricate on technological and philosophical foundations that gives room for creation and sharing the content generated by the user. Social media comprise social software which facilitates communication. Social media technology can be accessed through the help of scalable techniques of communication. Today, social media is among the most influential sources of com munication in the world where people obtain live updates through sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Social media technology exist in different forms, for example, they exist in form of magazines, social blogs, internet forums, social networks, weblogs, wikis, podcasts, video, social bookmarking, microblogging, photographs, ratings and pictures. These forms of social media technologies differ based on the level through which they focus on functional foundation blocks on conversations, relationships, identity, groups, sharing, reputation and presence. A large number of these forms of social media technology services can be incorporated through social network cumulative platforms. The main social media network system websites comprise of MySpace, Twitter, Facebook and Bebo. Social media technology has brought richness in the social network increasing self-disclosure and making communication process easy and faster.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mobile social media is a form of social media that utilize mobile device. Mobile social media have brought the greatest change in the communication sector in the whole world. It has actually transformed the social network and bridged the gap that exists in the world. Today, through the help of mobile social media, people can communicate in different points and different parts of the world at any time. In the past before the introduction of mobile social media, the traditional ways in which people could pass across information was through a messenger who was to walk all the way to where the recipient was; sometimes the messenger could reach his destination tired and unable to pass a clear message leading to distortion of message (Leventman 1999). Other means through which people used to communicate in the past was through drum beating, lighting of fire or ringing of bells. Mobile social media have saved wor ld from message distortion and distortion since by means of mobile phones the recipient gets first hand information directly from the sender. Mobile phones are also easy to carry; people can take them anywhere they go. Mobile social media when run through computers can display time sensitivity. There are four different types of mobile social media which differ based on time sensitivity and location sensitivity. There are those mobile media applications which can detect the location where the user is and at the same time show whether the message is still being processed or it has been received or if there is a delay in receiving the message (McKellar 2000). There are space timers, space locators, quick timers and slow timers. Foursquare and Facebook places are examples of space timers since they time sensitive and send messages relevance with the specific time of the location of the sender. Qype and Yelp are examples of space locators since they are sensitive of the location of the s ender; it indicates the specific location in which the messages are being exchanged by tagging the location which could be identified by other people when they view the message (Conant 2001). People can locate where the sender was and the recipient was making it easy to tract down on people especially in incidences of crime or fraud. Quick timers on the other hand are sensitive to time only and they include Facebook posting and Twitter postings. They increase immediacy through the mobile devices. This means that a person can get instant message or details concerning the status of a person based on their status update which normally indicate the time it was posted. Slow timers on the other hand include Wikipedia entry or You Tube video where people view or watch at their own leisure time. Slow timers are neither sensitive to time nor location of the message. People with mobile devices can decide to watch videos in You Tube at their own time and they can read postings on Wikipedia if they want to learn more about something.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the SIR on Tradition and Social Mores specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Internet usage has caused several impacts on communication and brought social change. Social media has turned out to be addictive in today’s world since it is being used by majority of the people across the world. Internet is available everywhere across the world; it is in offices, schools, healthcare centers, and the mobile device has made it easy for everyone to access internet everywhere they go as long as there is network service. Today, it is easy to communicate from one office to the other through the internet. Most government and private institutions have installed network services which have made communication much easier saving on time which is normally used to do other important things (Levy 2003). Businesses can also be conducted through the inte rnet whereby someone in Asia can decide to buy a product in the U.S. The primary method through which most students in colleges communicate is through the use of internet whereby they communicate through sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Today in the U.S., the government has introduced lessons on social media practices whereby students are taught on how to handle digital strategies for their future careers. Video conferencing and web meetings are examples of social change that has been brought by social media technology. Today, it is not a must to be present at the venue of the meeting, you are simply required to have a computer with internet services or a satellite to be able to take part in the meeting. This has saved most companies money and time which they allocate to use on other projects. Managers can today do business across different parts of the world and be able to manage them equally and efficiently due to social media technology. Political system has also changed due t o social media technology. There is actually a great tremendous social change in politics. The politicians can obtain people’s views concerning their leadership through different sites in the internet such as Twitter, Facebook and MySpace. The politicians are well informed in advance concerning their fate through the live comments people make on their posting on Facebook and Twitter. The politicians can also be aware of people’s expectations of them through the internet being used by both the young people and the old generation (Hans Neil 2009). Politicians can also address their major concerns or ask for votes through the social media.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The politicians can also make the world aware of their next move or their major plans through the use of social media by updating it on Facebook or creating a blog to ask people to support their initiatives or project because, the majority of people use the internet; what is more, based on the recent statistics, most people spend more than 3 hours a day browsing the internet with the majority visiting sites such as Twitter and Facebook. This shows that majority of the people across the world spend most of their time in social media making it the fastest and easiest way of communication. In conclusion, social media technology has brought the greatest social change in human life. Communication process has become more easy and faster due to social media technology. Examples of social media technology that has brought social change include: video conferencing, You Tube, Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, blogs, web meetings among many others References Conant, J. (2001) Science and Common Sens e. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press. Hans, H. Neil, S. (2009). Social Change and Modernity. California: University of California Press Inkeles, A. (2000). Exploring individual modernity. New York: Columbia University Press. Leventman, S. (1999). Counterculture and social transformation. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas Publishers. Levy, M. (2003). The Structure of Society. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. McKellar, P. (2000). Imagination and Thinking: A Psychological Analysis. London: Cohen West.

Kenneth's Waltz Systems of Theory of Int'l Politics Critique and Essay

Kenneth's Waltz Systems of Theory of Int'l Politics Critique and Evaluation - Essay Example Post the Second World War, Neo-Liberalism became a significant feature of International Relations. The concept gained impetus, with the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community, now known as the European Union. Then came about the Neo-Realistic Approach, put forth by Kenneth Waltz. This approach has been hailed as a more scientific approach. Waltz' 'Theory of International Politics' (1979) laid the basis of the behavioural theory. He does not concern himself exclusively with the ethics of state craft or moral dimensions of foreign policy. In his first work, 'Man, the State and War-A Theoretical Analysis' (1959), he agreed with the classical realist argument that power-seeking state is also a creation of man. However, twenty years later, Waltz acknowledged the bi-polarity and dominance of super-powers in this world. He traces the anarchical state system and highlights the neorealist tenets. Waltz, in his theory, talks about the absence of a world government and states that International Relations is an anarchical system. He also talks about Sovereignty of states and that the International System comprises similar units.

UN and Internal conflicts of the 1990s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UN and Internal conflicts of the 1990s - Essay Example Mostly those that have undergone civil strife within the warring factions in the local communities were given humanitarian relief instead of striving towards the achievement of peace through peacekeeping and peacebuilding missions, especially due to ethnic and cultural conflicts. Brahm (2005) mentions that the lack of central authority in nations that experienced tragic deaths due to ethnic and cultural conflicts makes it difficult for the UN to act, when it is in fact the UN that should already serve as the main central authority. Brahm also cites that the UN is known to act towards existing crises, not preventing them. He continues to note that although the UN Secretary-General at the time of post by Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Kofi Annan was effective in extending a diplomatic hand in negotiations and interventions without the requirement of the Security Council's go-signal, it is still the Security Council who is main executor of resolutions and actions that will pursue missions. The commitment value of the Member States in assuring thorough relief and support in aiding the nations involved with civil strife based on political and cultural differences, according to Brahm, is way low, and primarily the difficulties lie in the finger-pointing of who will pro vide continuous advocacy that will eventually help these said afflicted nations towards their own deliverance. In this we agree. Most of the times the UN has been seen to act based on the individual interests of the Member States, and if it is something that does not involve their nation's benefiting from such a situation, it is most likely that they are not as keen to offer sincere assistance. Still, there have been resolutions that the UN has successfully produced and achieved. Mostly these resolutions are where all parties involved have reached an agreement and has finally acknowledged the need for a peace accord. Peacekeeping missions therefore were widely supported by Member States, as they are assigned to protect diplomatic relations by safeguarding civilians and state officials, restoration of order, helping refuges, enforcing human rights, even monitoring political environment. The opinion that "peacebuilding is a Western concept" and therefore is not applicable in most of the cases where peacebuilding was targeted to be achieved as Brahm (2005) has stated in his essay may sound questionable in itself, but is legitimate in the sense that it should be taken into context within that particular situation. The Security Council must always take into consideration the need for understanding the historical root cause of an event such as political and civil strife in non-We stern countries and use this understanding in its decision making process to reach a solid and firm resolution towards the nature of peacebuilding mission they are to send to that afflicted country. Majority of the main issues that the UN must accept and acknowledge belong to its 'inabilities' category, where the UN's failure to respond the soonest possible time to internal conflicts is due to its delay in identifying a threat to the peace as based on

Event Management Hosting a variety show event Reflective Report Essay

Event Management Hosting a variety show event Reflective Report - Essay Example The choice of the venue came along on consideration of how strategic is the reception in terms of probable customers. With the team cooperating, the event was a success and it was a joy to meet most of the objectives. The cake sale activity was planned urgently by our team to evaluate how best we can manage an event with little time to prepare. It was worth trying and putting in practice skills acquired in class, in real life scenario, having learnt the concepts of event management. The activity was in place at the university reception with the aim of making one of the successful activities of the group. Detailed in this report are the experiences, reflections and the lessons in the event. It consists of the objectives of the team, description of the activities, and how the team members managed the event and the skills attained. The report also describes the event, the objectives, the venue, participants, budget, and the execution of the activity and the evaluation of the whole activity. Spurred on with the target of setting a record in such an event, we split the team into four to cover specific tasks. I was voted the project manager to be responsible for overseeing the entire event and making sure that every group is on top of their task. The first group was to organize on how to get the cakes from the suppliers, Sweet Cakes Company into the venue. The second group was to make arrangements of the venue and ensure cleanliness in the day of the event. They were also to set up the tables to place the cakes. The third group (marketing group) had the responsibility of marketing the event in terms of distributing posters about the event all over the university. The fourth group was to take on the selling responsibility and taking customers through the brands. In every activity, setting out objectives is a major step towards achieving the desired goals or results (Damm, 2012). Setting objectives helps

Two Successful Designers Jonathan lve and Verner Panton Essay Example for Free

Two Successful Designers Jonathan lve and Verner Panton Essay In this essay I am going to write about Jonathan lve, who succeeded his imagination which made him design and produced products that is used regularly by his costumers. I will demonstrate all his products and his latest design, how he was influenced and who did he influence with his great creations. Jonathan Jony ive, born in February 1967. Jonathan Ive was born in Chingford, London. He is English designer and the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. He is the chief designer of the iMac, aluminium and titanium PowerBook G4, MacBook, unibody MacBook Pro, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. He is now a successful vice president of the worldwide company, apple. He has been leading the worlds most respected technology designing teams, since 1996. STUDY He was raised by his teacher father and attended Chingford Foundation School then he went on to attend Walton High School in Stafford, Staffordshire, next he studied Industrial Design at Northumbria University. Jonathan Ive moved to the United States in 1992 to pursue his career at Apple Inc. since a young age, Jonathan had developed a passion for finding and discovering out how and what things were made out of, and how they were designed. REWARDS Ive was the winner of the Design Museums first Designer of the Year award in 2002, and won again in 2003. In 2004, he was a juror for the award. Also in 2005, he upgraded to the job of being the vice president and top leading designing for apple. PRODUCTS He was the designer and producer of the most famous pieces of technology used today. Many of his designs have been produced and sold worldwide and used as a daily technology. The most important factor he has considered is that all of his products are targeted at a wider range of costumers which increase profit e.g. iPods for teenagers and kids also iPads for working women and men. His products contain iPod, iPod shuffle, mac apple laptop, iPhone. The best sold product is i-pod. In September alone he sold 12. 010, 27 million I-pod worldwide. The latest design that Jonathan has come up with is the small, portable i-pod shuffle touch. INFUENCES Jonathan lve was inspired by the work of Dieter rams and was a big influence in Jonathan lve designs. Dieter rams the 1960s German designer legend whose shapes and forms of Brauns home electronics line are noticeable in todays Apple products. Some of his designs include Braun shavers, radios and washing machine. In this essay I am going to write about Verner Panton, who succeeded his imagination which made him design and produced products that is used regularly by his costumers. I will demonstrate all his products and his latest design, how he was influenced and who did he influence with his great creations. Verner was born on 13 February 1926, in the hamlet of Gentofte on the island of Funen and died aged 82 on 5september 1998.verner Panton attended the polytechnic in Odense between 1944 and 1947 before going on to study architecture until 1951 at the royal Danish art academy in Copenhagen. During his career, he created innovative and futuristic designs in a variety of materials, especially plastics, and in vibrant colours. DESIGNS He is considered one of Denmarks most dominant 20th- century furniture and interior designer. His works contain Cone Chair, Peacock, The Panton chair, Verner Panton S-chair model 275 Thanet. These are still sold widely today. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Verner Panton experimented with designing full environments; radical and psychedelic interiors that were an ensemble of his curved furniture, wall upholstering, textiles and lighting. He is best known for the design of German boats interior, now in a famous museum. INFLUENCES He was one of which never stops learning as he is influenced by many. One Poul Henningsen, who was the lighting designer and had taught him at Copenhagens Royal Academy of Art,. Second he worked for Denmarks architectural grandee, Arne Jacobsen. Third he had a close friendship with the designer- craftsman Hans Wegner. He also had close links with many of the most important Danish designer. He influenced with his designs show his skills as he influence on his time and future. The hallmarks of Danish furniture designer Verner Panton are the sculptural grace, the unusual forms, and most important, the colour.